Volume: 45 Issue: 4
Co-cultivation of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) with fodder and vegetable crop for enhancing productivity and resource use efficiency
Year: 2023, Page: 133-142, Doi: https://doi.org/10.62029/jmaps.v45i4.verma
Received: Oct. 15, 2023 Accepted: Nov. 28, 2023 Published: Dec. 31, 2023
To test this hypothesis in a representative location of the western Himalayan region, we study the intercropping of fodder and vegetable crops with basil. This experiment was laid out at CIMAP research Centre Purara, Bageshwar, Uttarakhand, during the years 2020-21 and 2021-22. Maize, sorghum, and pearl millet were cultivated as fodder crops, and okra and coriander were grown as vegetable crops with basil as an intercrop during both years. The biological efficiency of the intercropping system was assessed using LER, ATER, aggressivity, competitive ratio and relative crowding coefficient (K). It was found that sole basil had the highest yield, with 378.01 q ha-1 of fresh and 98.28 q ha-1 of dry herbs, followed by the intercrop of basil + coriander, with 218.19 q ha-1 of fresh herb and 56.73 q ha-1 of dry herb. The basil + coriander intercrop showed the highest LER (1.29), followed by basil + okra (1.27). Basil + okra had the highest MAI value of ₹ 129517.30 ha-1, suggesting that the intercrop combination was the highest gainer, followed by basil + fodder maize combination with an MAI value of ₹ 92203.66 ha-1. Basil + okra had the highest B:C ratio of 4.89 and the highest NR of ₹ 391497, followed by sole basil with an NR of ₹ 297655 and a B:C ratio of 3.72.
Keywords: Basil, Fodder crop, Intercropping, Vegetable crops, Western Himalayas
Aasim, M, Umer EM. Karim A. 2008. Yield and competition indices of intercropping cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) using different planting patterns. Tarim Bilim Derg 14: 326-333.
Aburjai TA, Mansi K, Azzam H, Alqudah DA, Alshaer W Abuirjei M. 2020. Chemical compositions and anticancer potential of essential oil from greenhouse-cultivated Ocimum basilicum leaves. Indian J Pharm Sci 82: 179-184. https://doi.org/10.36468/pharmaceutical-sciences.637.
Agegnehu G, Ghizaw A, Sinebo W. 2008. Yield potential and land-use efficiency of wheat and faba bean mixed intercropping. Agron Sustain Dev 28: 257-263.
Alabi EO, Ayodele OJ, Aluko M. 2014. Growth and yield responses of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L) to in-row plant spacing. J agric biol sci 9: 389-397.
Bhadu K, Gupta V, Rawat GS, Sharma J. 2021. Competition indices of different pigeon-pea based intercropping systems. Afr J Agric Res 58: 407-411. https://doi.org/10.5958/2395-146X.2021.00058.2.
Bilasvar HM, Salmasi SZ. 2016. Essential oil yield and some morphological characteristics of sweet basil cultivars as affected by different intercropping patterns with corn. J Med Plant Res 4: 09-12.
Daneshnia F, Amini A, Chaichi MR. 2016. Berseem clover quality and basil essential oil yield in intercropping system under limited irrigation treatments with surfactant. Agric Water Manag 164: 331-339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2015.10.036.
De Carvalho, LM De Oliveira IR, Almeida NA, Andrade KR. 2010. The Effects of Biotic Interaction between Tomato and Companion Plants on Yield. In: XXVII International Horticultural Congress on Science and Horticulture for People (IHC2010): International Symposium 933: 347-354.
Doubi BTS, Kouassi KI, Kouakou KL, Koffi KK, Baudoin JP, Zoro BIA. 2016. Existing competitive indices in the intercropping system of Manihot esculenta crantz and Lagenaria siceraria (molina) standley. J Plant Interact 11: 178-185. https://doi.org/10.1080/17429145.2016.1266042.
Ghosh PK. 2004. Growth yield competition and economics of groundnut/cereal fodder intercropping systems in the semi-arid tropics of India. Field Crops Res 88: 227-237.
Gitari HI, Nyawade SO, Kamau S, Karanja NN, Gachene CKK, Raza MA, Maitra S, Schulte-Geldermann E. 2020. Revisiting intercropping indices with respect to potato-legume intercropping systems. Field Crops Res 258: 107957. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2020.107957.
Gómez-Candón D, López-Granados F, Caballero-Novella JJ, García-Ferrer A, Peña-Barragán, JM, Jurado-Expósito M, García-Torres L. 2012. Sectioning remote imagery for characterization of Avena sterilis infestations. Part B: Efficiency and economics of control. Precision Agric 13: 322-326. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11119-011-9250-5.
Islam M, Saha S, Akand H, Rahim A. 2011. Effect of spacing on the growth and yield of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). J Cent Eur Agric 12: 328-335.
Kabura BH, Musa B, Odo PE. 2008. Evaluation of the Yield Components and Yield of Onion (Allium сера L.) with Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Intercrop in the Sudan Savanna. J Agron 7: 88-92.
Kordi S, Salmasi SZ, Kolvanagh JS, Weisany W, Shannon DA. 2020. Intercropping system and n2 fixing bacteria can increase land use efficiency and improve the essential oil quantity and quality of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Front Plant Sci 11: 610026. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.610026.
Mamo MC. 2021. Response of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) growth and yield to planting densities and row arrangements in tomato-basil intercropping system. Agrotech 5: 117-124. https://doi.org/10.20961/agrotechresj.v5i2.54333.
Mutisya S, Saidi M, Opiyo A, Ngouajio M, Martin T.2016. Synergistic effects of agro net covers and companion cropping on reducing whitefly infestation and improving the yield of open field-grown tomatoes. J Agron 6: 42.
Najafi S, Keshtehgar A. 2014. Effect of intercropping on increase yield. Int Res J Appl Basic Sci 8: 549-552.
Naveena K, Madhukumar V, Prashanth R, Mallikarjuna GB. 2015. Statistical analysis for area × time equivalent ratio (ater) to maizeurdbean intercropping system. Int J Agric Stat Sci 11: 175-177.
Nebret T, Chala M, Degu B. 2019. Intercropping of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) with maize (Zeamays L.) as supplementary income generation at wondo genet agricultural research center, South Ethiopia. Int J Res Stud Agric Sci 5: 37-43. https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-6224.0509005.
Negi S, Anand N. 2015. Supply chain of fruits & vegetables agribusiness in Uttarakhand (India): major issues and challenges. J Supply Chain Manag 4: 43-57. https://doi.org/10.21863/jscms/2015.4.1and2.005.
Nigussie A, Gadissa M, Tadesse N. 2020. Competitiveness and yield advantage of carrotrosemary intercropping over solitary at Wondo Genet, Southern Ethiopia. In J Res Stud Agric Sci 6: 1-9. https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-6224.0608001.
Omezine A, Silva JATD. 2016. Competitive Ability of Capsicum annuum L. relative to the weed Amaranthus lividus L. J Hortic Res 24: 79-91. https://doi.org/10.1515/johr-2016-0010.
Pereira ALC, Taques TC, Valim JOS, Madureira AP, Campos WG. 2016. The management of bee communities by intercropping with flowering basil (Ocimum basilicum) enhances pollination and yield of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum). J Insect Conserv 19: 479-486. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10841-015-9768-3.
Raza MA, Feng LY, Werf WVD, Cai GR, Khalid MHB, Iqbal N, Hassan MJ, Meraj TA, Naeem M, Khan I, Rehman S, Ansar M, Ahmed M, Yang F, Yang W. 2019. Narrow-wide-row planting pattern increases the radiation use efficiency and seed yield of intercrop species in relay-intercropping system. Food Energy Secur 14: e0212885. https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.170.
Rezaei-Chiyaneh E, Amani Machiani M, Javanmard A, Mahdavikia H, Maggi F, Morshedloo MR. 2021. Vermicompost Application in Different Intercropping Patterns Improves the Mineral Nutrient Uptake and Essential Oil Compositions of Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 21: 450–466. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-020-00373-0.
Safitri A, Sinaga JP. 2021. Extracting essential oil from fragrant lemongrass plants by steam-hydro distillation method using microwave as a heater. J Sains Teknol Reaksi 19: 1-11. https://doi.org/10.30811/jstr.v19i01.2267.
Shukla R, Agarwal A, Gornott C, Sachdeva K, Joshi PK. 2019. Farmer typology to understand differentiated climate change adaptation in Himalaya. Sci Rep 9: 20375. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-56931-9.
Silva JND, Neto FB, Chaves AP, Lema JSSD, Chaves AP, Nunes RLC, Rodrigues GSDO, Lino VADS, Sa JMD, Santos ECD. 2021. Sustainability of carrot-cowpea intercropping systems through optimization of green manuring and spatial arrangements. Ciencia Rural 51: 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20190838.
Singh R, Pande P, Solankey S, Chatterje A. 2013.Cropping Systems in Vegetables. Volume I,ISBN: 978-93-272-3738-2.
Thakur G, Singh AK, Maurya PK, Patel P, Kumar U. 2018. Effect of plant spacing on growth, flowering, fruiting and yield of Capsicum (Capsicum annuum L.) hybrid buffalo under naturally ventilated poly house. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 7: 78-81.
Xu Z, Li C, Zhang C, Yu Y, Van der Werf W, Zhang F.2020. Intercropping maize and soybean increases efficiency of land and fertilizer nitrogen use; A meta-analysis. Field Crops Res 246: 107661.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2019.107661.
© CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow-226015
Verma PPS, Kumar D, Padalia RC.2023. Co-cultivation of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) with fodder and vegetable crop for enhancing productivity and resource use efficiency. J Med Aromat Plant Sci 45: 133-142.
