Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Sciences

Volume: 45 Issue: 1

  • subscription
  • Review Article

Historical and contemporary development of novel chemotype varieties with high essential oil of lemongrass in India: A review

KUMAR A, LAL RK*,  GUPTA AK, CHANOTIYA CS

 

CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow-226015

*Corresponding author; Email: [email protected]

Year: 2023, Page: 17-27, Doi: https://doi.org/10.62029/jmaps.v45i1.kumar

Received: Jan. 12, 2023 Accepted: May 5, 2023 Published: Dec. 2, 2023

Abstract

Lemongrasses found in India encompass Cymbopogon flexuosus, C. citratus, C. khasianus, and C. pendulus. This fragrant perennial grass belongs to the Poaceae family and is indigenous to India as well as other tropical and subtropical regions in Southeast Asia and Africa. Pinpointing its precise place of origin is challenging due to its extensive history of cultivation and utilization across various cultures. It is believed to have originated in the maritime Southeast Asian region, encompassing countries like India, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, and Malaysia. Lemongrass thrives in these regions and has played a significant role in their culinary and medicinal traditions for many generations. Among these, Cymbopogon citratus, a tropical lemongrass variety, is native to multiple Asian regions, particularly Southeast Asia and South Asia. It is widely cultivated and employed in a range of global cuisines and traditional healing practices. Lemongrass finds extensive applications in the herbal, medicinal, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and fragrance industries. Lemongrass oil is known for its diverse biological properties, which encompass antibacterial, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant effects. Not too long ago, India ranked as one of the world' leading exporters of lemongrass essential oil. Several prominent lemongrass cultivars have emerged, including GRL-1 (geraniol-rich), Krishna, Cauveri, Pragati, Praman, T-1, CIM Shikhar, Chirharit, CKP-25, SD-68, CIMAP Suwarna, and Krishnapriya. Among these, CIMAP Suwarna, Krishna, and CIM Shikhar stand out as the most widely favoured varieties across India developed at the CSIR-CIMAP in Lucknow, India. Indian universities and research institutions have also played a pivotal role in the development of novel lemongrass cultivars. Examples include Jor Lab L-2, OD-19, SD-68 (C. flexuosus), RRL-16 (C. pendulus), and CKP-25. Notably, there's Jor Lab L-9, a distinctive strain of C. khasianus known for its high methyl eugenol content. Furthermore, the germplasm for Malabar lemongrass (C. khasianus) is notable for its abundant herbage and elevated elemicin content, reaching up to 70%. The CSIR-NEIST in Jorhat and the CSIR-CIMAP, Lucknow have contributed to the development of new high geraniol-rich lemongrass cultivars, such as "Jor Lab L-15" (C. khasianus), GRL-1, and CIM Atal (C. flexuosus), respectively. b: citral, elemicin, geraniol, methyl eugenol content, vitamin A, Cymbopogon, flexuosus, Cymbopogon pendulus, Cymbopogon khasianus, Cymbopogon citratus, Lemongrass varieties

Keywords: Citral, Cymbopogon citratus, Cymbopogon flexuosus, Cymbopogon khasianus, Cymbopogon pendulus, Elemicin, Geraniol, Lemongrass varieties, Methyl eugenol content, Vitamin A

References

Abdel-Rahman IAM, Raslan AE, Dawy A, Wael A, Ahmed F, Talaat KH, Mohamed al-monair M, Ahmed O, Rushdi MI, Allam AE. 2022. Cymbopogon schoenanthus (L.) Spreng: A comprehensive review on phytochemical and pharmacological biodiversity. Trends Phytochem Res 6: 259-281. https://doi.org/10.30495/tpr.2022.1966529.127.

Bahl JR, Singh AK, Lal RK, Gupta AK. 2018. High-Yielding Improved Varieties of Medicinal and Aromatic Crops for Enhanced Income. In: Singh B, Peter K, (Eds.) New Age Herbals, Springer Singapore, pp. 247–265. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8291-7_12.

Clevenger JF. 1928. Apparatus for the determinations of volatile oils. J Am Pharm Assoc 17: 345–349. https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.3080170407.

Dutta S, Munda S, Lal M, Bhattacharyya PR. 2016. A short review on chemical composition, therapeutic use and enzyme inhibition activities of Cymbopogon species. Indian J Sci Tech 9: 1–9.

Guenther E. 1950. The essential oils. D. Van. Nostrand Company, New York, pp. 20-25.

Gupta S, Kumar A, Gupta AK, Jnanesha AC, Talha M, Srivastava A, Lal RK. 2023. Industrial mint crop revolution, new opportunities, and novel cultivation ambitions: A review. Ecolog Genetic Genomic 100174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egg.2023.100174.

Kulkarni RN, Baskaran K, Velusamy S, Channayya H, Yogendra ND, Yadav MK, Srinivas KS, Kumar JK, Kumar N, Padalia RC, Kumar A, Kalra A, Tripathi AK. 2020. A geraniol-rich variety of lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus (Steud.) Wats.): CIM-Atal J Med Aroma Plant 42: 64-67.

Kumar A, Jnanesha AC. 2017a. Medicinal and Aromatic plants agro technologies developed by CSIR Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 6: 173–175.

Kumar A. and Jnanesha AC. 2017b. Potential species of aromatic plants for cultivation in semi-arid tropical (SAT) regions of Deccan region. J Med Plant Stud 5: 269–272.

Kumar A, Jnanesha AC. 2019. Genetic improvement for high-yielding varieties in lemongrass [Cymbopogon flexuosus (Steud.) Wats.]; Agrobios Newsletter 17: 91-93.

Kumar A, Jnanesha AC, Lal RK. 2023a. Coppicing impact on the essential oil yield and its chemical composition of lemongrass cultivars of the genus Cymbopogon under the semi-arid region of South India. Acta Ecol Sin 43: 20–26. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.chnaes.2021.05.005.

Kumar A, Jnanesha AC, Chanotiya CS, Lal RK. 2023b. Climate-smart lemongrass (Cymbopogon khasianus (Hack. ) Stapf ex Bor) yields quality essential oils consistently across cuttings and years in semi-arid, tropical southern India. Bioch Syst Ecol 110: 104716. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.bse.2023.104716.

Kumar A, Jnanesha AC, Kumar VM, Lal RK. 2022a. GGE biplot vs. AMMI analysis of genotype by- environment data on essential oil yield in lemongrass [Cymbopogon flexuosus (nees ex. Steud) wats.] grown in semi-arid tropical regions of southern India under different agro-climatic conditions. Bioch Syst Ecol 103: 1-9. 104439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2022.104439.

Kumar A, Jnanesha AC, Lal RK, Chanotiya CS, Srivastava S, Pant Y. 2022b. Biplot investigation for essential oil yield and chemical compositions under the Deccan Plateau region of southern India in cultivars of Java citronella (Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt). Indus Crop Product 175: 1–10. 114249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. indcrop.2021.114249.

Kumar A, Jnanesha AC, Lal RK, Chanotiya CS, Venugopal S, Swamy YVVS. 2023c. Precision agriculture innovation focuses on sustainability using GGE biplot and AMMI analysis to evaluate GE interaction for quality essential oil yield in Eucalyptus citriodora Hook. Bioch System Eco. 107: 104603. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. bse.2023.104603.

Kumar A, Lal RK, Chanotiya CS. 2023d. Geraniolrich aromatic grasses (Cymbopogon spreng) can adapt to the environment by modifying harvest dates over the ecosystems in southern India on the Deccan plateau utilizing participatory management modeling and agronomic practices. Indus Crop Prod 193: 116196. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2022.116196.

Kumar A, Lal RK, Jnanesha AC, Chanotiya CS. 2022c. Stable genotypes selection in industrially important rose-scented Rosa grass (Cymbopogon martinii [Roxb.] Wats. var. motia Burk.) Indus Crop Prod 187: 115497. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2022.115497.

Lal M. 2018. Jor Lab L-8 (IC0619026; INGR16020), a lemon grass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) germplasm with high herbage yield with high essential oil content. Indian J Plant Genet Resour 31: 117–118.

Lal M. 2019. Jor Lab L-10 (IC0625984; INGR18039), a Malabar Lemon grass (Cymbopogon khasianus) germplasm with high Elemicin content 70%. High Herbage yield 24.26 tones/ha/year. Indian J Plant Genet Resour 32: 447–448.

Lal M, Borah A, Pandey SK. 2019. Identification of a new high geraniol rich variety “Jor Lab L-15” of lemongrass [Cymbopogon khasianus (Hack) Stapf (ex Bor)]. J Ess Oil Bea Plant 22: 972-978.

Lal M, Munda S, Dutta S, Pandey SK. 2020. Identification of a novel germplasm (Jor Lab L-9) of lemon grass (Cymbopogon khasianus) rich in methyl eugenol. Crop Breed Appl Biotechnol 20 (3): e320720315. https:// doi.org/10.1590/1984-70332020v20n3c49.

Lal RK. 2012. Stability for oil yield and variety recommendations’ using AMMI (additive Main effects and multiplicative interactions) model in lemongrass (Cymbopogon species), Indus Crop Prod 40: 296–301. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/J. Indcrop.2012.03.022.

Lal RK, Chandra R, Chauhan HS, Misra HO, Singh A, Srikrishna S, Shankar H, Singh HP, Singh SP, Kumar B, Yadav A, Shasany A.K, Dhawan SS, Gupta AK. 2010. A high-yielding variety of lemongrass (Cymbopogon khasianus) ‘CIMAP SUWARNA’ suitable for water stress/rainfed/ marginal land conditions. J Med Arom Pl Sci 32: 61–63.

Lal RK, Gupta P, Chanotiya CS, Mishra A. 2022a. Influences of traits associations for essential oil yield stability in multi-environment trials of vetiver (Chrysopogon zizanioides L. Roberty). Bioch Syst Eco 103: 1–12. 104448. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.bse.2022.104448.

Lal RK, Gupta P, Mishra A, Chanotiya CS. 2022b. Evaluation of yield and agronomic components by triallel cross and selection of high essential oil yielding hybrids in Basil. Indus Crop Prod 177: 114486. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. indcrop.2021.114486.

Lal RK, Gupta P, Chanotiya CS, Mishra A, Kumar A. 2023a. Eminent high essential oil yielding and photosynthesis efficient genotype selection across multi-environments in the palmarosa {Cymbopogon martinii (Roxb.) Wats.} Ecolo. Genetic Genom 100167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egg.2023.100167.

Lal RK, Gupta P, Chanotiya CS, Mishra A, Kumar A. 2023b. The nature and extent of heterosis, combining ability under the influence of character associations, and path analysis in Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Indus Crop Product 195: 116421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2023.116421.

Lal RK, Misra HO, Sharma JR, Singh N, Shasany AK, Naqvi AA, Bahl JR, Prasad A, Khanuja SPS. 2006. Citral rich high yielding lemongrass plant Nima of Cymbopogon flexuosus. US Patent No. US/PP16712/27.6.2006.

Nair RV, Mishra HO, Lal RK, Naqvi AA, 1984a. Breeding researches in lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus, Steud Wats). Paper presented at 27th Conf. of Essential Oil Association of India, held on 28th January, Bombay.

Nair RV, Mishra HO, Lal RK, Naqvi AA. 1984b. Development of a new geraniol-rich selection from the seed progenies of lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus). Curr Sci 53: 986.

Padalia RC, Upadhyay RK, Chauhan A, Singh VR, Verma RS, Chanotiya CS. 2021. Influence of Harvesting Frequency on Essential Oil Yield and Composition of Geraniol-Rich Cultivar of Cymbopogon flexuosus L. Nat Acad Sci Let 44: 383-388. DOI: 10.1007/s40009-020-01015-w

Sarkar S. 2021. Importance of diversity and variability. In: Aromatic grasses experience with some Cymbopogon species, Akinik publication Delhi, pp. 35–50.

Sharma JR, Lal RK, Mishra HO, Naqvi AA. 1987a. A new potential source of citral: An improved clone of Cymbopogon pendulus. Curr Sci 56: 30–31.

Sharma JR, Lal RK, Mishra HO, Naqvi AA. 1987b. Genetically improved clone- CIMAP/LS-48 (Var-Pragati) of lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) developed. The Pafai J  9: 17–19.

Sharma JR, Mishra HO, Lal RK. 1989. An improved variety of Cymbopogon pendulus developed. A potential source of citral. The Pafai J 11: 13–19.

Cite this article

Kumar A, Lal RK, Gupta AK, Chanotiya CS.2023. Historical and contemporary development of novel chemotype varieties with high essential oil of lemongrass in India: A review. J Med Aromat Plant Sci 45: 17-27

Views
787
Downloads
2
Citations