Volume: 45 Issue: 2
Enhancing biomass and seed production in Kalmegh [Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F.) Wall ex. Nees] through optimal plant spacing and nutrients under the Western Himalayan region of India
Year: 2023, Page: 46-51, Doi: https://doi.org/10.62029/jmaps.v45i2.verma
Received: April 10, 2023 Accepted: May 9, 2023 Published: Oct. 27, 2023
The field experiment was conducted during the winter (kharif) seasons of 2021-22 and 2022-23 at CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Centre Purara, Bageshwar, Uttarakhand. The study's objective was to investigate the most effective combinations of plant spacing configurations and NPK levels to enhance biomass and seed yield of kalmegh [Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F.) Wall ex. Nees] under the Western Himalayan region of Uttarakhand. The experiment consisted of nine treatments, comprising three different plant spacing (60x30 cm, 60 x45 cm, 60x60 cm) and three NPK levels (40:30:20, 80:60:30, 120:90:40), arranged in factorial randomised block design. The results indicated that treatment T3 (120:90:40 NPK) and spacing S3 (60x60 cm) consistently demonstrated superior performance, resulting in the highest plant height, number of branches, LAI, total dry matter weight, dry seed weight, and leaf stem ratio. Treatment T2 (80:60:30 NPK) and spacing S2 (60x 45 cm) displayed intermediate results, while treatment T1 (40:30:20 NPK) and spacing S1 (60 x 30 cm) exhibited relatively lower values for most parameters.
Keywords: Andrographis paniculata, Biomass, NPK levels, Plant spacing, Seed yield
Abu Bin Nyeem, M., Abdul Mannan, M., Nuruzzaman, M., Kamrujjaman, K., & Kumar, D. S. (2017). Indigenous king of bitter (Andrographis paniculata): A review. Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies, 5, 318–324.
Gundadon, H., Tsan, F. Y., Ding, P., & Choo, C. Y. (2018). Shading and vegetable-bread-fish waste compost effects on growth and yield of field-grown Andrographis paniculata. Malaysian Journal of Science, 37, 10–24. https://doi.org/10.22452/mjs.vol37no1.2
Jat, R. S., & Gajbhiye, N. A. (2019). Productivity, andrographolide, and NPK content influenced with organics and inorganics in kalmegh. Agronomy Journal, 111, 851–858. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2018.06.0392
Kumar, A., Yadav, N., Pandey, J., Patairiya, V., & Verma, R. K. (2023). Microbial inoculants with inorganic fertilizers slacken the chlorosis impact on kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees) improve yields and quality traits. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 43, 400–406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chnaes.2022.07.001
Malik, N. (2014). The growth of plant height of bitter plant (Andrographis paniculata Nees) with the addition of fertilizer and different solar light intensity. Jurnal Agroteknos, 4, 189–193.
Mehta, S., Sharma, A. K., & Singh, R. K. (2021). Pharmacological activities and molecular mechanisms of pure and crude extract of Andrographis paniculata: An update. Phytomedicine Plus, 1, 100085. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phyplu.2021.100085
Purwanto, E., Samanhudi, S., & Sudarmi, S. (2011). Studies of shading levels and nutrition sources on growth, yield and andrographolide content of sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Nees). Agrivita, 33, 300–306.
Sanjutha, S., Subramanian, S., & Maheswari, J. (2008). Integrated nutrient management in Andrographis paniculata. Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 4, 141–145.
Shah Jahan, M., Solaiman, A. H. M., Sultana, N., & Kabir, K. (2013). Effect of organic fertilizers and spacing on growth and yield of kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata Nees). International Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 6, 769–775.
Shukla, R. K., Rastogi, N., & Singh, H. (2018). Contribution of the nutrient-enriched ant nest debris soil to growth and yield of kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata) under natural and experimental field conditions. Biological Agriculture & Horticulture, 34, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/01448765.2017.1408492
Verma, R. K., Verma, S. K., Pankaj, U., Gupta, A. K., Khan, K., & Shankar, K. (2015). Improvement in the yield and quality of kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata Nees) under the sustainable production system. Natural Product Research, 29, 297–300. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2014.971791
Worakunphanich, W., Thavorncharoensap, M., Youngkong, S., Thadanipon, K., & Thakkinstian, A. (2021). Safety of Andrographis paniculata: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, 30, 727–739. https://doi.org/10.1002/pds.5190
© CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow-226015
Verma, P. P. S., Kumar, D., & Padalia, R. C. (2023). Enhancing biomass and seed production in Kalmegh [Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F.) Wall ex. Nees] through optimal plant spacing and nutrients under the Western Himalayan region of India. Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Sciences, 45(2), 46–51.
